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General Peptide Use & Information
Oral growth hormone enhancer MK-677 (ibutamoren)
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<blockquote data-quote="Cataceous" data-source="post: 243406" data-attributes="member: 38109"><p>The reference is also on the Wikipedia page and pertains to rats. That and other speculation deterred me from continued use, but I had taken 12.5 mg daily for nine months without obvious negative effects; for me the water retention was a benefit.</p><p></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><em>We also show that increased <strong>ghrelin receptor activity is sufficient and necessary for stress-enhanced fear</strong> and is dissociable from HPA activity. <strong>Repeated activation of ghrelin receptors in non-stressed animals significantly enhances fear learning</strong> without elevating HPA stress hormones, while systemic blockade of the ghrelin receptor during chronic stress prevents stress-related enhancement of fear, even in the presence of elevated adrenal stress hormones. We demonstrate that the amygdala, a brain region that displays enhanced function in chronically stressed animals and in patients with trauma-related disorders, is likely the locus of the fear-enhancing effects of repeated ghrelin receptor stimulation. Finally, we show that GH, a downstream effector of ghrelin receptor activation, is increased in the BLA by chronic stress, is sufficient to enhance fear learning, and plays a necessary role in the fear-potentiating effects of ghrelin. Thus, <strong>ghrelin and growth hormone act together in the amygdala to enhance fear</strong>.</em></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><em>Our study is the first to explicitly examine the effects of protracted exposure to elevated ghrelin, as observed following chronic stress. We show that <strong>there are profound differences in the behavioral consequences of ghrelin exposure following different exposure durations</strong>, similar to the cumulative nature of stress. We also provide the first evidence to link prolonged exposure to elevated ghrelin with a specific, detrimental consequence of stress, enhanced fear memory, which typifies trauma-induced anxiety disorders such as PTSD. Because PTSD is a multi-faceted disorder producing many symptoms, including those related to avoidance and hyperarousal, it will be interesting to determine whether chronically elevated ghrelin contributes to these sequelae of PTSD in addition to promoting changes in fear learning and memory.</em></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Cataceous, post: 243406, member: 38109"] The reference is also on the Wikipedia page and pertains to rats. That and other speculation deterred me from continued use, but I had taken 12.5 mg daily for nine months without obvious negative effects; for me the water retention was a benefit. [INDENT][I]We also show that increased [B]ghrelin receptor activity is sufficient and necessary for stress-enhanced fear[/B] and is dissociable from HPA activity. [B]Repeated activation of ghrelin receptors in non-stressed animals significantly enhances fear learning[/B] without elevating HPA stress hormones, while systemic blockade of the ghrelin receptor during chronic stress prevents stress-related enhancement of fear, even in the presence of elevated adrenal stress hormones. We demonstrate that the amygdala, a brain region that displays enhanced function in chronically stressed animals and in patients with trauma-related disorders, is likely the locus of the fear-enhancing effects of repeated ghrelin receptor stimulation. Finally, we show that GH, a downstream effector of ghrelin receptor activation, is increased in the BLA by chronic stress, is sufficient to enhance fear learning, and plays a necessary role in the fear-potentiating effects of ghrelin. Thus, [B]ghrelin and growth hormone act together in the amygdala to enhance fear[/B].[/I][/INDENT] [INDENT][/INDENT] [INDENT][I]Our study is the first to explicitly examine the effects of protracted exposure to elevated ghrelin, as observed following chronic stress. We show that [B]there are profound differences in the behavioral consequences of ghrelin exposure following different exposure durations[/B], similar to the cumulative nature of stress. We also provide the first evidence to link prolonged exposure to elevated ghrelin with a specific, detrimental consequence of stress, enhanced fear memory, which typifies trauma-induced anxiety disorders such as PTSD. Because PTSD is a multi-faceted disorder producing many symptoms, including those related to avoidance and hyperarousal, it will be interesting to determine whether chronically elevated ghrelin contributes to these sequelae of PTSD in addition to promoting changes in fear learning and memory.[/I][/INDENT] [/QUOTE]
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Peptide Forums (GHRH, Sermorelin, etc)
General Peptide Use & Information
Oral growth hormone enhancer MK-677 (ibutamoren)
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