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General Peptide Use & Information
Oral growth hormone enhancer MK-677 (ibutamoren)
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<blockquote data-quote="BigTex" data-source="post: 243360" data-attributes="member: 43589"><p>Never have I heard any of this. Seems off because MK-677 has been found to protect brain cells against programmed cell death (apoptosis) by increasing ghrelin levels, which in turn prevents cognitive decline (1-6). MK-677 improves cognitive function and prevents age-related cognitive decline by increasing the levels of GH (7-27). </p><p></p><ol> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Kim SW, Her SJ, Park SJ, et al. Ghrelin stimulates proliferation and differentiation and inhibits apoptosis in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Bone. 2005;37(3):359-69.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Kim YS, Choi DH, Block ML, et al. A pivotal role of matrix metalloproteinase-3 activity in dopaminergic neuronal degeneration via microglial activation. FASEB J. 2007;21(1):179-87.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Banks WA, Tschöp M, Robinson SM, Heiman ML. Extent and direction of ghrelin transport across the blood-brain barrier is determined by its unique primary structure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002;302(2):822-7.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Chung H, Seo S, Moon M, Park S. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and ERK1/2 pathways mediate protective effects of acylated and unacylated ghrelin against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced apoptosis in primary rat cortical neuronal cells. J Endocrinol. 2008;198(3):511-21.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">García-cáceres C, Lechuga-sancho A, Argente J, Frago LM, Chowen JA. Death of hypothalamic astrocytes in poorly controlled diabetic rats is associated with nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor. J Neuroendocrinol. 2008;20(12):1348-60.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Frago LM, Pañeda C, Dickson SL, Hewson AK, Argente J, Chowen JA. Growth hormone (GH) and GH-releasing peptide-6 increase brain insulin-like growth factor-I expression and activate intracellular signaling pathways involved in neuroprotection. Endocrinology. 2002;143(10):411</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Nyberg F, Hallberg M. Growth hormone and cognitive function. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2013;9(6):357-65.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Baker LD, Barsness SM, Borson S, et al. Effects of Growth Hormone–Releasing Hormone on Cognitive Function in Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Older Adults: Results of a Controlled Trial. Archives of neurology. 2012;69(11):1420-1429. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2012.1970.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Maruff P, Falleti M. Cognitive function in growth hormone deficiency and growth hormone replacement. Horm Res. 2005;64 Suppl 3:100-8.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Baker LD, Barsness SM, Borson S, et al. Effects of growth hormone–releasing hormone on cognitive function in adults with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults: results of a controlled trial. Arch Neurol. 2012;69(11):1420-9.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Ong LK, Chow WZ, Tebay C, et al. Growth Hormone Improves Cognitive Function After Experimental Stroke. Stroke. 2018;49(5):1257-1266.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Bove RM, White CC, Gerweck AV, et al. Effect of growth hormone on cognitive function in young women with abdominal obesity. Clinical endocrinology. 2016;84(4):635-637. doi:10.1111/cen.12996.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Aleman A, Verhaar HJ, De haan EH, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-I and cognitive function in healthy older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(2):471-5.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Sonntag WE, Deak F, Ashpole N, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-1 in CNS and cerebrovascular aging. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2013;5:27. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2013.00027.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Nashiro K, Guevara-aguirre J, Braskie MN, et al. Brain Structure and Function Associated with Younger Adults in Growth Hormone Receptor-Deficient Humans. J Neurosci. 2017;37(7):1696-1707.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Available at <a href="https://journals.lww.com/neurotodayonline/fulltext/2012/09200/Can_a_Growth_Hormone_Stimulating_Drug_Improve.6.aspx" target="_blank">Can a Growth Hormone-Stimulating Drug Improve Cognitive... : Neurology Today</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Available at <a href="http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/4/e20173938" target="_blank">http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/4/e20173938</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">High WM, Briones-Galang M, Clark JA, et al. Effect of Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy on Cognition after Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Neurotrauma. 2010;27(9):1565-1575. doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1253.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Grugni G, Sartorio A, Crinò A. Growth hormone therapy for Prader–willi syndrome: challenges and solutions. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 2016;12:873-881. doi:10.2147/TCRM.S70068.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Xue Y, Gao Y, Wang S, Wang P. An examination of the effects of different doses of recombinant human growth hormone on children with growth hormone deficiency. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 2016;11(5):1647-1652. doi:10.3892/etm.2016.3091.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Lupien SB, Bluhm EJ, Ishii DN. Systemic insulin-like growth factor-I administration prevents cognitive impairment in diabetic rats, and brain IGF regulates learning/memory in normal adult rats. J Neurosci Res. 2003;74(4):512-23.</li> </ol></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="BigTex, post: 243360, member: 43589"] Never have I heard any of this. Seems off because MK-677 has been found to protect brain cells against programmed cell death (apoptosis) by increasing ghrelin levels, which in turn prevents cognitive decline (1-6). MK-677 improves cognitive function and prevents age-related cognitive decline by increasing the levels of GH (7-27). [LIST=1] [*]Kim SW, Her SJ, Park SJ, et al. Ghrelin stimulates proliferation and differentiation and inhibits apoptosis in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Bone. 2005;37(3):359-69. [*]Kim YS, Choi DH, Block ML, et al. A pivotal role of matrix metalloproteinase-3 activity in dopaminergic neuronal degeneration via microglial activation. FASEB J. 2007;21(1):179-87. [*]Banks WA, Tschöp M, Robinson SM, Heiman ML. Extent and direction of ghrelin transport across the blood-brain barrier is determined by its unique primary structure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002;302(2):822-7. [*]Chung H, Seo S, Moon M, Park S. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and ERK1/2 pathways mediate protective effects of acylated and unacylated ghrelin against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced apoptosis in primary rat cortical neuronal cells. J Endocrinol. 2008;198(3):511-21. [*]García-cáceres C, Lechuga-sancho A, Argente J, Frago LM, Chowen JA. Death of hypothalamic astrocytes in poorly controlled diabetic rats is associated with nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor. J Neuroendocrinol. 2008;20(12):1348-60. [*]Frago LM, Pañeda C, Dickson SL, Hewson AK, Argente J, Chowen JA. Growth hormone (GH) and GH-releasing peptide-6 increase brain insulin-like growth factor-I expression and activate intracellular signaling pathways involved in neuroprotection. Endocrinology. 2002;143(10):411 [*]Nyberg F, Hallberg M. Growth hormone and cognitive function. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2013;9(6):357-65. [*]Baker LD, Barsness SM, Borson S, et al. Effects of Growth Hormone–Releasing Hormone on Cognitive Function in Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Older Adults: Results of a Controlled Trial. Archives of neurology. 2012;69(11):1420-1429. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2012.1970. [*]Maruff P, Falleti M. Cognitive function in growth hormone deficiency and growth hormone replacement. Horm Res. 2005;64 Suppl 3:100-8. [*]Baker LD, Barsness SM, Borson S, et al. Effects of growth hormone–releasing hormone on cognitive function in adults with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults: results of a controlled trial. Arch Neurol. 2012;69(11):1420-9. [*]Ong LK, Chow WZ, Tebay C, et al. Growth Hormone Improves Cognitive Function After Experimental Stroke. Stroke. 2018;49(5):1257-1266. [*]Bove RM, White CC, Gerweck AV, et al. Effect of growth hormone on cognitive function in young women with abdominal obesity. Clinical endocrinology. 2016;84(4):635-637. doi:10.1111/cen.12996. [*]Aleman A, Verhaar HJ, De haan EH, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-I and cognitive function in healthy older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(2):471-5. [*]Sonntag WE, Deak F, Ashpole N, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-1 in CNS and cerebrovascular aging. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2013;5:27. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2013.00027. [*]Nashiro K, Guevara-aguirre J, Braskie MN, et al. Brain Structure and Function Associated with Younger Adults in Growth Hormone Receptor-Deficient Humans. J Neurosci. 2017;37(7):1696-1707. [*]Available at [URL="https://journals.lww.com/neurotodayonline/fulltext/2012/09200/Can_a_Growth_Hormone_Stimulating_Drug_Improve.6.aspx"]Can a Growth Hormone-Stimulating Drug Improve Cognitive... : Neurology Today[/URL]. [*]Available at [URL]http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/4/e20173938[/URL]. [*]High WM, Briones-Galang M, Clark JA, et al. Effect of Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy on Cognition after Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Neurotrauma. 2010;27(9):1565-1575. doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1253. [*]Grugni G, Sartorio A, Crinò A. Growth hormone therapy for Prader–willi syndrome: challenges and solutions. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 2016;12:873-881. doi:10.2147/TCRM.S70068. [*]Xue Y, Gao Y, Wang S, Wang P. An examination of the effects of different doses of recombinant human growth hormone on children with growth hormone deficiency. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 2016;11(5):1647-1652. doi:10.3892/etm.2016.3091. [*]Lupien SB, Bluhm EJ, Ishii DN. Systemic insulin-like growth factor-I administration prevents cognitive impairment in diabetic rats, and brain IGF regulates learning/memory in normal adult rats. J Neurosci Res. 2003;74(4):512-23. [/LIST] [/QUOTE]
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General Peptide Use & Information
Oral growth hormone enhancer MK-677 (ibutamoren)
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