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Nutrition and Supplements
L-Carnitine Increases Sperm Motility and Quality
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<blockquote data-quote="Excel Male" data-source="post: 70" data-attributes="member: 1"><p>L-carnitine is concentrated in the <a href="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/glossary.html#epididymis" target="_blank">epididymis</a>, where sperm mature and acquire their motility <a href="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/carnitine/carnitinerefs.html#ref86" target="_blank">(86)</a>. Two uncontrolled trials of L-carnitine supplementation in more than 100 men diagnosed with decreased sperm motility found that oral L-carnitine supplementation (3 grams/day) for three to four months significantly improved sperm motility <a href="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/carnitine/carnitinerefs.html#ref87" target="_blank">(87, 88)</a>. However, no information on subsequent fertility was reported. A <a href="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/glossary.html#cross-sectional%20study" target="_blank">cross-sectional study</a> of 101 fertile and infertile men found that L-carnitine concentrations in semen were positively correlated with the number of sperm, the percentage of motile sperm, and the percentage of normal appearing sperm in the sample <a href="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/carnitine/carnitinerefs.html#ref89" target="_blank">(89)</a>, suggesting that L-carnitine levels in semen may be useful in evaluating male infertility. More recently, a <a href="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/glossary.html#placebo" target="_blank">placebo</a>-controlled,<a href="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/glossary.html#double%20blind" target="_blank">double-blind</a>, <a href="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/glossary.html#cross-over%20trial" target="_blank">cross-over trial</a> in 86 patients with male infertility found that L-carnitine (2 grams/day) supplementation for two months led to significantly improvements in sperm quality, evidenced by increases in sperm concentration and motility <a href="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/carnitine/carnitinerefs.html#ref90" target="_blank">(90)</a>. Similar improvements in sperm motility were observed in a subsequent placebo-controlled, double-blind, <a href="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/glossary.html#randomized%20design" target="_blank">randomized</a> study conducted by the same group, but the patients received combination therapy consisting of L-carnitine (2 grams/day) and acetyl-L-carnitine (1 gram/day) for six months <a href="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/carnitine/carnitinerefs.html#ref91" target="_blank">(91)</a>. Interestingly, in both studies, the most dramatic carnitine-induced improvements were noted in patients with the lowest baseline sperm motility measures (i.e., most severe cases) <a href="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/carnitine/carnitinerefs.html#ref90" target="_blank">(90, 91)</a>. Another group of researchers also reported improved sperm motility following combined carnitine therapy. In this placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study, 44 patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia (reduced sperm motility) received placebo, L-carnitine (3 grams/day), acetyl-L-carnitine (3 grams/day), or a combination of L-carnitine (2 grams/day) and acetyl-L-carnitine (1 gram/day). The combination therapy as well as acetyl-L-carnitine, alone, resulted in significant increases in sperm motility <a href="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/carnitine/carnitinerefs.html#ref92" target="_blank">(92)</a>. Together, these data suggest that carnitine therapy may be useful in disorders of sperm motility and male infertility; however, large-scale <a href="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/glossary.html#clinical%20trial" target="_blank">clinical trials</a> are undoubtedly necessary.</p><p></p><p>Source: <a href="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/carnitine/" target="_blank">http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/carnitine/</a></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Excel Male, post: 70, member: 1"] L-carnitine is concentrated in the [URL="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/glossary.html#epididymis"]epididymis[/URL], where sperm mature and acquire their motility [URL="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/carnitine/carnitinerefs.html#ref86"](86)[/URL]. Two uncontrolled trials of L-carnitine supplementation in more than 100 men diagnosed with decreased sperm motility found that oral L-carnitine supplementation (3 grams/day) for three to four months significantly improved sperm motility [URL="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/carnitine/carnitinerefs.html#ref87"](87, 88)[/URL]. However, no information on subsequent fertility was reported. A [URL="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/glossary.html#cross-sectional%20study"]cross-sectional study[/URL] of 101 fertile and infertile men found that L-carnitine concentrations in semen were positively correlated with the number of sperm, the percentage of motile sperm, and the percentage of normal appearing sperm in the sample [URL="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/carnitine/carnitinerefs.html#ref89"](89)[/URL], suggesting that L-carnitine levels in semen may be useful in evaluating male infertility. More recently, a [URL="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/glossary.html#placebo"]placebo[/URL]-controlled,[URL="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/glossary.html#double%20blind"]double-blind[/URL], [URL="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/glossary.html#cross-over%20trial"]cross-over trial[/URL] in 86 patients with male infertility found that L-carnitine (2 grams/day) supplementation for two months led to significantly improvements in sperm quality, evidenced by increases in sperm concentration and motility [URL="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/carnitine/carnitinerefs.html#ref90"](90)[/URL]. Similar improvements in sperm motility were observed in a subsequent placebo-controlled, double-blind, [URL="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/glossary.html#randomized%20design"]randomized[/URL] study conducted by the same group, but the patients received combination therapy consisting of L-carnitine (2 grams/day) and acetyl-L-carnitine (1 gram/day) for six months [URL="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/carnitine/carnitinerefs.html#ref91"](91)[/URL]. Interestingly, in both studies, the most dramatic carnitine-induced improvements were noted in patients with the lowest baseline sperm motility measures (i.e., most severe cases) [URL="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/carnitine/carnitinerefs.html#ref90"](90, 91)[/URL]. Another group of researchers also reported improved sperm motility following combined carnitine therapy. In this placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study, 44 patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia (reduced sperm motility) received placebo, L-carnitine (3 grams/day), acetyl-L-carnitine (3 grams/day), or a combination of L-carnitine (2 grams/day) and acetyl-L-carnitine (1 gram/day). The combination therapy as well as acetyl-L-carnitine, alone, resulted in significant increases in sperm motility [URL="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/carnitine/carnitinerefs.html#ref92"](92)[/URL]. Together, these data suggest that carnitine therapy may be useful in disorders of sperm motility and male infertility; however, large-scale [URL="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/glossary.html#clinical%20trial"]clinical trials[/URL] are undoubtedly necessary. Source: [URL]http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/carnitine/[/URL] [/QUOTE]
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General Health & Fitness
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L-Carnitine Increases Sperm Motility and Quality
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