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    A treatment candidate to reduce HPTA suppression under TRT. Possible hCG alternative?

    TL;DR: Some research suggests that echinacoside may complement a SERM in reducing TRT-induced negative HPT-axis feedback at the hypothalamus. Background: In testosterone replacement therapy, elevated levels of testosterone and estradiol apply negative feedback to the hypothalamus. This...
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    A different dosing strategy with bremelanotide (PT-141) yields dramatically better results

    TL;DR: It may be possible to improve results with bremelanotide by taking multiple daily micro-doses. Like many, I have experimented with bremelanotide at the recommended doses, which range from a few hundred micrograms up to a couple milligrams in one subcutaneous injection. And also like...
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    Imbalance of testosterone/estradiol promotes male CHD development

    I recently came across this article. It's not new, but the search function doesn't turn up previous discussions about it on ExcelMale. Imbalance of testosterone/estradiol promotes male CHD development Hong-Yun Zheng 1, Yan Li, Wen Dai, Chuan-Dong Wei, Kai-Sheng Sun, Yong-Qing Tong Abstract...
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    RF9: May it be a new therapeutic option for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?

    Intriguing stuff, possibly highlighting another distinct cause of hypogonadism, along with a new treatment option. There's been little discussion of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone or GnIH. This hormone counters kisspeptin and suppresses the HPTA. An excess of GnIH may lead to hypogonadism. RF9...
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    Brain estrogen creation 'critical to maintain full sexual activity or desire in males'

    A tip of the hat to "PakMan" at PeakT for the reference to this article. The underlying work is on mice, but may have implications for humans. Summary: Researchers have uncovered specific regions of brain tissue where aromatase is present, that drives male sexual desire. Aromatase converts...
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    Kisspeptin suppression under TRT: Can it affect mood and libido?

    TD;LR: Kisspeptin may affect how we act and feel. It seems plausible that a TRT-induced reduction in this hormone is a problem for some men. I’d previously asked if suppression of GnRH by TRT is a problem. The literature at least hints that it is possible. The situation with kisspeptin may be...
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    Pituitary restart while on TRT: promising initial results with GnRH plus enclomiphene

    TL;DR: Over a period of seven weeks, treatment with GnRH and enclomiphene raised LH and FSH from around 0.1 mIU/mL to about 1.0 mIU/mL, even though TRT and hCG dosing were continued. Subjective results have been encouraging. I had written previously on the subject of GnRH suppression on TRT...
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    Is GnRH suppression hurting us?

    Admittedly the last thing we need is some other nebulous danger to worry about that may not even exist. Read on at your peril. TL;DR: Testosterone replacement therapy suppresses the production of GnRH. Receptors for GnRH are found in places besides the pituitary. One animal model suggests GnRH...
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    rT3 halved under liothyronine (T3), fT3 & fT4 lower, what next?

    Pre-treatment: TSH: 2.8 (0.45 - 4.5 uIU/mL) Free T3: 2.7 (2.0-4.4 pg/mL) Free T4: 1.4 (0.82-1.77 ng/dL) rT3: 23 (9.2-24.1 ng/dL) I was prescribed liothyronine and told to start with 5 mcg/day and titrate up to a maximum of 20 mcg. I tried the 5 mcg dose for a couple weeks, then went to 10 mcg...
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    Does SHBG affect the apparent half-lives of testosterone esters?

    The relative level of SHBG has a pronounced effect on serum levels of testosterone delivered via TRT. This is through the influence of SHBG on the metabolic clearance rate of testosterone. But as far as I can tell the effect on the apparent half-lives of testosterone esters is subtle at best. Is...
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